Convergence (Routing)

December 28, 2011

Route Convergence is the process of remaking of the Routing Table by a Router. It is a feature of Dynamic Routing inbuilt into various Routing Protocols like RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF and BGP. This feature helps these routing protocols to quickly adapt the new environment, also the key concept of Adaptive Routing.

Route Flapping

December 27, 2011

Route Flapping or Interface Flapping is the state of a router when it advertises different states of a network route in a quick sequence. Route Flapping is also known as Interface Flapping because it mainly occurs due to problems related to router interfaces. When any of the router interface faces a failure then the routing protocol running on router is obliged to send Routing updates to its neighboring router which is often the cause of Route Flapping.

Routing Domain

December 27, 2011

Routing domain refers to a collection of Routers, Routing Protocols and Routes running under a single organization or management. The Routing Domain term is used to refer to a large network which is being run by a single organization. An Autonomous System can either have a single or multiple routing domains.

DNS Stub Zone

December 27, 2011

Stub DNS Server is a type of DNS server which is used to locate authoritative DNS server for a zone. The Stub DNS Server only contains few resource records for each zone created on it also known as Glue Resource Records. These glue resource records are enough for a DNS server to known the authoritative DNS server of a zone.

Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)

December 27, 2011

IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) is a Cisco proprietary Routing Protocol using in packet switched networks. It is a Interior Gateway Protocol and is superseded by EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol).

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

December 27, 2011

RIP (Routing Information Protocol) is a distance vector Routing Protocol used in Packet Switching Networks that works as an Interior Gateway Protocol inside a single Autonomous System. RIP uses hop count as a metric and the maximum number of hops that can be used in RIP network are 15.

Link State Routing Protocol

December 27, 2011

Link State Routing Protocols are used on Routers in Packet Switching Networks. These Protocols, as other Dynamic Routing Protocols help a router in making packet forwarding decisions to other network subnets. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) and IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System) are examples of Link State Routing Protocols. Link State Routing Protocols belong to the Interior Gateway Protocol category and work inside an Autonomous System.

Distance Vector Routing Protocol

December 27, 2011

Distance Vector is a category of Routing Protocols used in smaller networks as compared to its counter part like link state and Hybrid Routing Protocols. Distance vector protocols got their name because they use Distance between routers as a metric to find the best possible route. Although along with Distance, criteria such as Speed, Bandwidth and Delay are also used as a metric but they are still used as a component to find the shortest and fastest way to travel a distance. RIP (Routing Information Protocol) and IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) are the examples of Distance Vector Protocols.

Path Vector Routing Protocol

December 27, 2011

Path Vector Routing Protocol is a category of Routing Protocols which is used in the process of Dynamic Routing. Path Vector Protocols differ from other Routing Protocols in many ways but the main difference is that they never share metric information to other routers.

Exterior Routing Protocol

December 27, 2011

Exterior Routing Protocol or EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol) is a routing protocol which is used to routing traffic between 2 or more autonomous systems. The only Protocol today which is assigned to the category of EGP is BGP (Border Gateway Protocol).

Adaptive Routing

December 27, 2011

Adaptive Routing is a Routing Concept which makes a router to take independent decisions whenever any network failure occurs. Basically adaptive routing is a general concept which allows anyone to choose a different route in case there is a problem with the existing route.

IP Address

December 26, 2011

There are 4 different types of ways through which an IP address can be assigned to computer or a node. Here we will discuss all the types of IP address assignment available in Windows Operating Systems. These assignment types are also available in other operating system like Linux and networking devices like Routers.

Domain Name System

December 26, 2011
  1. DNS Overview
  2. FQDN
  3. DNS Server
    1. Primary DNS Server

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

December 26, 2011
  1. DHCP Overview
  2. DHCP Process
  3. DHCP Components

OSI Model

December 26, 2011
  1. OSI Model Overview
    1. Layer 1 – Physical Layer

Networking Components

December 26, 2011

Content:

  1. Server
  2. Client
  3. Workstation
  4. Node
  5. Path

Logical Link Control

December 26, 2011
  1. LLC sub-layer Overview
  2. Usage
  3. Examples

Peer-to-Peer

December 26, 2011

Peer to Peer is a type of networking in which there is no centralization of resources on the network. In P2P networking, no computer is responsible to maintain and distribute any type of resources to any node on the network rather all the nodes have the privilege to either share or request resource to and from other nodes.

Client-Server Model

December 26, 2011

Content:

  1. Overview
  2. Network Model Types
    1. Multitier Architecture

TCP/IP Model

December 26, 2011

TCP/IP reference model was created by DARPA(Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency) and is also known as DOD model. This model was created to bring in Standardized network systems which could easily inter-operate with each other. This model after release very soon surpassed the popularity of OSI model which was then considered a lot complex to design.

Local Area Network

December 26, 2011

LAN or Local Area Network refers to a network of computers within a confined geographical limit, generally a house, office or campus.

Metropolitan Area Network

December 26, 2011

MAN or Metropolitan Area Network is a network of computer and other networking devices inside a particular city or metro.

TCP vs UDP

December 26, 2011

TCP and UDP are transport layer protocols that form the core of TCP/IP reference model. Both these protocols are assigned an important task of end to end delivery of data in the form of segments. The work of both these protocols is the same but the way both of these protocols work is different.

User Datagram Protocol

December 26, 2011

UDP or User datagram protocol is a connection-less protocol that works on Transport layer of OSI reference model. UDP is an important part of IP suite and is majorly used for broadcasts and other connection-less communications.

Transmission Control Protocol

December 26, 2011

TCP or Transmission Control Protocol is an OSI Transport Layer Protocol and also a major part of IP suite. TCP influences TCP/IP reference model so much that the model is named after it. It is a connection oriented and reliable protocol.